Boat Fuel and Bilge Vapor Safety

• Fire or explosion from accumulated gasoline or fuel vapors
• Fuel leaks from tanks, hoses, fittings, vents, or portable containers
• Ignition from engines, switches, sparks, static, smoking, or hot work
• Workers entering or reaching into contaminated bilge or engine spaces
• Fuel spills entering the water or creating slip and exposure hazards
• Carbon monoxide or exhaust accumulating around the boat or enclosed areas

Fuel systems on boats operate close to electrical equipment, engines, hot surfaces, and enclosed spaces where vapors may collect. A small leak can create a fire, explosion, health, and environmental emergency.

Before starting the engine, workers should inspect for fuel odor, visible leaks, damaged hoses, loose fittings, wet areas, and abnormal bilge conditions. A strong or unexplained fuel smell should never be dismissed as normal.

Ventilation systems should be used according to the vessel's design and procedures. Enclosed engine and fuel spaces require particular caution because heavier-than-air vapors may remain low in the boat.

Refueling should occur with ignition sources controlled. Engines and unnecessary electrical equipment should be shut down as required, smoking and hot work should be prohibited, and workers should remain with the nozzle or container throughout the transfer.

Portable fuel containers should be approved, serviceable, closed, secured, and protected from heat and impact. Containers should not be overfilled or stored where leaking fuel or vapors can accumulate.

Spills should be stopped, contained, reported, and cleaned according to the emergency plan. Fuel should not be washed into the water, bilge, drain, or shoreline.

Workers should avoid improvised troubleshooting around fuel vapors. Operating switches, starting the engine, creating sparks, or using unapproved tools can provide an ignition source when a leak is present.

If fuel odor, leakage, vapor accumulation, or ventilation failure cannot be resolved safely, the boat should remain shut down and out of service until qualified personnel inspect and correct the condition.

• Inspect for fuel odor, leaks, and abnormal bilge conditions.
• Use required ventilation before engine starting.
• Control smoking, sparks, hot work, and electrical ignition sources.
• Stay with the fuel transfer and avoid overfilling.
• Secure approved portable fuel containers.
• Contain and report spills without washing fuel into the water.
• Do not start or operate the boat when fuel vapors are suspected.

• Is there any fuel odor, leak, damaged hose, or wet bilge condition?
• Has the required ventilation been used and verified?
• Are ignition sources controlled during refueling?
• How will a spill be contained and reported?
• Should the boat remain out of service for qualified inspection?